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+==========================
+Cold/Hotplugging with Udev
+==========================
+Version 1.1.5
+written by Tobias Powalowski <tpowa@archlinux.org>
+
+---------------
+* Requirements:
+---------------
+- recommended kernel >=2.6.18 for this udev to work properly.
+- No more DevFS device paths!  If you have them, update /etc/fstab:
+  /dev/discs/... etc. has been deprecated in favor of the old style:
+    /dev/discs/disc0/part1 -> /dev/hda1
+    /dev/discs/disc1/part2 -> /dev/hdb2
+- /etc/modprobe.conf should be cleaned from old install entries (see below).
+
+---------------
+* Udev Changes:
+---------------
+- The syntax of udev rules has been changed in >=098 release, please update your rules.
+  --- Snip Changelog Udev 098
+  Renaming of some key names:
+  BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS 
+  ID -> KERNELS
+  SYSFS -> ATTRS 
+  DRIVER -> DRIVERS
+  ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
+  event device. Instead of:
+    ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
+  we now can do:
+    ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
+  All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
+  future kernel:
+    PHYDEVPATH -    is the path of a parent device and should not be
+                    needed at all.
+    PHYSDEVBUS -    is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
+                    matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
+    PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
+                    Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
+                    for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
+                    no longer carry this property of a parent and
+                    DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
+  Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
+  the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
+  events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
+  that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
+  it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
+  in most cases it will be empty.
+  --- snap Changelog Udev 098
+- optional udev >= 099 Persistent rules generator for network and cd/dvd devices was added.
+
+---------------
+* How it works:
+---------------
+- Udev replaces the functionality of hotplug and hwdetect scripts.
+- Udev does autoloading of modules and coldplugging.
+- Udev loads the modules simultaneously, which is much faster, 
+  but can cause some troubles with multiple network/sound/etc devices
+  (see below).
+- To reload your rules please use /etc/start_udev.
+
+======================
+* Autoloading modules:
+======================
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+* Module autoloading is controlled by MOD_AUTOLOAD="" in /etc/rc.conf
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MOD_AUTOLOAD="yes" in /etc/rc.conf is necessary: 
+- if you want module autodetection
+- if you want modules be loaded by udev (hotplugging and coldplugging)
+
+MOD_AUTOLOAD="no" is necessary:
+- if you want to load modules strictly using 'modprobe <module>'
+- if you want to load only the modules listed in the MODULES=() array
+  in /etc/rc.conf
+
+---------------
+* Blacklisting:
+---------------
+- means udev will never try to load the module, even if MOD_AUTOLOAD="yes"
+  is set.
+
+You can do this in 2 ways:
+- MOD_BLACKLIST=(moduleA moduleB)
+- MODULES=(!moduleA !moduleB)
+
+Both entries mean the same thing to udev.  MOD_BLACKLIST was used by hwdetect.
+hwdetect does not understand the MODULES= syntax, but it doesn't have to -- it
+is only used in mkinitrd now.
+
+==================================
+* Boot parameter: load_modules=off
+==================================
+
+- No modules are loaded during boot using udev autoloading or the MODULES array
+- Useful for repairing your system if something goes wrong during udev startup
+  and/or during loading modules
+
+==================================
+* Boot parameter: disablemodules=
+==================================
+
+- list modules there that shouldn't be loaded by udev
+- Syntax: disablemodules=module1,module2,module3,...
+- Useful for repairing your system if something goes wrong during udev startup
+  and/or during loading modules and you know the module that causes the trouble.
+
+========================================
+* Persistent CD/DVD symlinks (optional):
+========================================
+
+- To enable this feature copy in /etc/udev/rules.d
+  75-cd-aliases-generator.rules.optinal
+  to 75-cd-aliases-generator.rules
+  Also disable this part in /etc/udev/rules.d/40-arch.rules by putting a # in front:
+  --- snip
+  ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS=="ide", KERNEL=="hd[a-z]", ATTR{removable}=="1", ATTRS{media}=="cdrom*", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+  ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sr[0-9]*", ATTRS{type}=="5", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+  ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sg[0-9]*", ATTRS{type}=="5", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+  ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEMS=="block", KERNEL=="hd[a-z]", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+  ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEMS=="block", KERNEL=="sr[0-9]*", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+  ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEMS=="block", KERNEL=="sg[0-9]*", RUN+="/lib/udev/cdsymlinks.sh"
+--- snap
+
+- To get the same device name for CD/DVD symlinks each time you boot,
+  a rule will be generated during bootup or by executing /etc/start_udev.
+- Examples: dvd, cdrom ,cdrw etc.
+- If you want to change those links,
+  modify '/etc/udev/rules.d/70-peristent-cd.rules' to your needs.
+
+Known issues:
+The symlink name is then bound to the hardware pci adress, 
+if you change your CD/DVD device, you have to check the
+/etc/udev/rules.d/70-peristent-net.rules file for correctness.
+
+======================================
+* Persistent Network names (optional):
+======================================
+
+- To enable this feature copy in /etc/udev/rules.d
+  75-persistent-net-generator.rules.optional
+  to 75-persistent-net-generator.rules
+- To get the same network device name each time you boot,
+  a rule will be generated during bootup or by executing /etc/start_udev.
+- Examples: eth0, eth1, wlan0 etc.
+- If you want to change those names, 
+  modify '/etc/udev/rules.d/70-peristent-net.rules' to your needs.
+- NAME= determines the name of your network card. Use these names in your
+  network configuration in rc.conf as well.
+
+Known issues:
+The interface name is then bound to the hardware mac adress, 
+if you change your network card, you have to check the
+/etc/udev/rules.d/70-peristent-net.rules file for correctness.
+
+====================================
+* Known Problems Hardware:
+====================================
+
+- BusLogic devices are broken and will cause a freeze during startup
+Solution:
+This is a kernel bug and no fix has been provided yet.
+
+- PCMCIA Card readers are not treated as removabel devices.
+Solution:
+To get access to them with hal's pmount backend add them to /etc/pmount.allow
+
+====================================
+* Known Problems MOD_AUTOLOAD="yes":
+====================================
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+* Sound is not working or modules (eg. parport) are not loaded automatically:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Solution:
+- Do you have a clean /etc/modprobe.conf?
+  - A clean /etc/modprobe.conf is empty.  The stock modprobe.conf file
+    contains nothing
+- alsaconf can write output to modprobe.conf. Please keep that in mind.
+
+---------------------------------------------
+* Devices get mixed up eg. Network/Soundcards
+---------------------------------------------
+- Because udev loads all the modules at once, sometimes devices are initialized
+  in different orders (eg. network cards switch eth0 and eth1, sound cards
+  the same)
+
+Solution:
+- Load them in MODULES=() array in the order you need them
+- eg: MODULES=(moduleA moduleB)
+
+Second solution for network:
+- The "proper" way to configure net interfaces to hold static names within
+  udev rules.  Add lines like these to a custom rules file such as
+  /etc/udev/rules.d/01-network.rules:
+    SUBSYSTEM=="net", SYSFS{address}=="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", NAME="lan0"
+    SUBSYSTEM=="net", SYSFS{address}=="ff:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa", NAME="wlan0"
+
+- To get the right mac address use this command:
+    udevinfo -a -p /sys/class/net/<yourdevice>
+- Make sure you use lower-case hex values in your udev rules.
+- NAME= determines the name of your network card.  Use these names in your
+  network configuration in rc.conf as well.
+
+Third solution for network:
+- check Persistent Network part
+
+-----------------------------------
+* Network 8139too & 8139cp problem:
+-----------------------------------
+- Both modules have the same kernel entry, which can cause problems.
+Solution:
+- Enter the one you need in MODULES=() and blacklist the other one
+- eg: MODULES=(!8139cp 8139too)
+- The example tells udev to ignore 8139cp module and load 8139too afterwards.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+* You need a special loading order to get devices going:
+--------------------------------------------------------
+- Kernel loads modules in wrong order.
+Solution:
+- Load them in the correct order in MODULES=()
+
+-----------------------------
+* Module is not autodetected:
+-----------------------------
+- If your device does not provide a modalias in /sys it cannot be autodetected.
+- If modalias is not combined to a kernel module it cannot be autodetected.
+Known modules that are not autodetected:
+- SCSI CONTROLLER:
+  scsi_transport_sas ultrastor qlogicfas eata BusLogic pas16 wd7000 sym53c416
+  g_NCR5380_mmio fdomain u14-34f dtc initio in2000 imm t128 aha1542 aha152x
+  atp870u g_NCR5380 NCR53c406a qlogicfas408 megaraid_mm advansys
+- NETWORK CARDS:
+  hp ne de4x5 wd cs89x0 eepro smc9194 seeq8005 ni52 ni65 ac3200 smc-ultra 
+  at1700 hp-plus depca eexpress 82596 de600 eth16i de620 lance ewrk3 e2100
+  lp486e 3c501 3c503 3c505 3c507 3c509 3c515 myri10ge
+Solution:
+- Enter the one you need in MODULES=()
+
+=======================================
+* Known Problems with MOD_AUTOLOAD="no"
+=======================================
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+* Modules are not loaded anymore during coldplug or hotplug event
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+- Udev is usually responsible for this, but the MOD_AUTOLOAD switch will
+  now disable it.  If you want automatic hot/cold-plugging, turn on
+  MOD_AUTOLOAD.  Otherwise you will have to load all your modules manually,
+  either with /sbin/modprobe or entries in the MODULES=() array.
+Solution: 
+- For bootup (coldplug) enter this in rc.conf: MODULES=(moduleA moduleB)  
+- After bootup (hotplug) use this: modprobe <moduleA>
+
+=========================================
+* Known problems for custom kernel users:
+=========================================
+
+----------------------------
+* Udev doesn't start at all:
+----------------------------
+- Check Requirements list